Term Paper by Jasim Essays

Research paper by Jasim Essays Research paper by Jasim Essay Research paper by Jasim Essay Culture is an incredibly expansive and including term. It incorporates what we have realized, our history, values, ethics, customs, craftsmanship, and propensity. Promoting happens inside a given culture. Advertisers should realize that experience, history, values, ethics, customs, workmanship, propensity, and so on fluctuate inside a given culture requiring distinctive promoting programs. Not every person in a similar nation or society has the equivalent standard of conduct of the predominant or principle culture. It plainly shows that there are subcultures, for example, those of northerners, southerners, city-tenants, poor people, young people, old, strict gatherings, etc. The recognizable proof of a subculture may give a firm a fragment of a market that it can create. For instance, items have been created in extraordinary amount for the high school subculture, and promoting has been coordinated to these purchasers. Every subculture, similar to a bigger culture, has particular qualities, convictions, and perspectives that the advertiser must comprehend in the event that he is viably to abuse them. It isn't in every case simple to distinguish contrasts among subcultures. It is anything but difficult to create mixed up generalized ideas about subcultures because of the absence of appropriate information on subcultures. Advertisers are keen on recognizing any subculture as an expected market for their items. 1. Inception of the Report Dr. Md. Ashraful Islam Chowdhury, Professor, of Dhaka University, approved this report in oral, as a major aspect of the course educational program of Consumer Behavior (M-602). This is an individual task, which was doled out after a progression of class talks and introductions by the teacher. 1. 2 Problem and reason 1. 2. 1Problem StatementTo break down the current subculture in Bangladesh and take suitable showcasing procedure to contact them. 1. 2. 2Objectives of the examination Understand the subculture setting of Bangladesh Identify various kinds of subcultures Know how various subcultures influence purchasing conduct Explain Bangladeshi subculture for showcasing dynamic. 1. 3 A Preview of the Presentation To give a diagram the report starts with a definition and clarify what subculture is, at that point what are the subcultural bunches winning in Bangladesh their attributes , utilization design and the successful method to arrive at this subcultural bunch through advertising system. 2. 0 DEFINING Subculture is a piece of the way of life containing the significant highlights of the principle culture. In humanism, human sciences and social investigations, a subculture is a gathering of individuals with a culture (regardless of whether unmistakable or covered up) which separates them from the bigger culture to which they have a place. In the event that a specific subculture is portrayed by a methodical resistance to the predominant culture, it might be depicted as a counterculture. As ahead of schedule as 1950, David Riesman recognized a dominant parts, which latently acknowledged industrially gave styles and implications, and a subculture which effectively looked for a minority style. What's more, deciphered it as per incendiary qualities. In his 1979 book Subculture the Meaning of Style, Dick Hebdige contended that a subculture is disruption to commonality. Hebdige contended that subcultures unite similarly invested people who feel dismissed by cultural norms and permit them to build up a feeling of personality. As per the meaning of science word reference A gathering inside a general public that has its own common arrangement of customs, perspectives, and qualities, regularly joined by language or slang. A subculture can be sorted out around a typical movement, occupation, age, status, ethnic foundation, race, religion, or some other binding together social condition, yet the term is regularly used to portray degenerate gatherings, for example, criminals and medication clients. As there can be wide contrasts between the way of life of different social orders, there can likewise be contrasts inside a similar culture. Each culture, subsequently, contains subcultures, characterized as gatherings that share the qualities and antiques of the bigger society, yet additionally have particular practices, inclinations, and convictions. Specialists living in the old piece of Dhaka, film craftsmen, and individuals living in the urban ghettos are on the whole instances of subcultures. Islam is the predominant religion in the way of life of Bangladesh; sunni, shiaa and Baahaai, for instance, might be seen as subcultures inside the bigger Muslim culture here in Bangladesh. Figure: Showing Subculture’s Relation with the Main Culture Main Cultural Behavior |Northern subculture | |Urban subculture | |Religious subculture | Berkman and Gilson have characterized subculture for advertising purposes as any social designing that safeguarding significant highlights of the prevailing society yet gives esteems and ways of life of its own. The social profile of a general public or country is a composite of two components: 1) the one of a kind convictions, qualities, and customs bought in to by individuals from explicit subcultures and 2) the focal or center social subjects that are shared by the majority of the populace, paying little mind to explicit subcultural enrollment. 3. Significant SUB-CULTURAL CATEGORIES IN BANGLADESH 3. 1 Ethnic sub-culture The ethnic subculture depends on the nationality of one’s predecessors who have relocated to another nation. It (nationality) may shape a reason for a subculture when the individuals from that nationality bunch relate to it and base probably a portion of their practices on the standards of the national gathering. Ethnic subculture is normally found in rich nations where individuals may from different pieces of the wor1d with the expectation of a superior life and live-li-hood. . 1. 1 Character I. It depends on the first nationality ii. Relocated starting with one nation then onto the next or one area to another. iii. In spite of the fact that the residents of a specific nation consider themselves to be residents of that nation, yet they as often as possible hold a feeling of pride and distinguishing proof in the convention and language of their progenitors. iv. Pattered system of gatherings and associati on v. Ethnic subculture gives a mental wellspring of gathering distinguishing proof. 3. 1. 2 Consumption design At the point when ethnic subculture comes to buyer conduct, this genealogical pride is showed most emphatically in the utilization of ethnic nourishments, in movement to country and in the acquisition of various social ancient rarities. Ethnic dress, workmanship, music and unknown dialect paper are the products which are favored by the ethnic subcultural individuals. One’s enthusiasm for ethnic merchandise and enterprises extends quickly, as one will in general better comprehend and connects with his ethnic beginning. 3. 1. 3 Marketing project To arrive at this ethnic subcultural individuals an advertiser ought to comprehend the utilization example of that subculture. In Bangladesh there are outsider ( individuals originates from Europe, Australia, USA) who seek their activity reason, yet remaining in Bangladesh for a long prong, may frame an ethnic subculture and lean toward inexpensive food, long skirt, pant, running shoe, green and so forth. So advertiser ought to comprehend the need of this ethnic subcultural individuals and meet their unsatisfied need. Beharies are the best case of ethnic subculture. They use to talk in Urdu. Favor food like kabab and parata. So to contact them advertiser can take specialty promoting system. 2. Working women sub-social Through the procedure of advancement, the quantity of working women is expanding step by step. The utilization example of these women differs as they need to keep up their work place just as a family life. 3. 2. 1 Character I. They have a brief timeframe to get ready food. ii. They need to do their family movement just as keep up a working life. iii. At some point they need to remain away their family 3. 2. 3 Consumption design This subcultural bunch used to devour prepared food and less tedious hardware to wash and get ready food like clothes washer, smaller scale wave stove. 4. Showcasing project to reach Advertiser should take technique like prepared food as 3munites knobs, parcel zest and fixings, clothes washer and home more clean. Women inn for those ladies who need to remain outside the home. 3. 3 Religious An individual’s strict connection impacts to extraordinary degree his utilization design. The individuals who have a place with a specific religion may purchase/not accepting and use/not utilize certain products and enterprises. 3. 3. 1 Character Members of a specific religion comprise what we call strict subculture. Strict convictions and customs may direct the utilization of specific things and demoralize the utilization of others. The servitude or the connection to strict conviction directs a strict individual. On the off chance that the subjugation of religion is solid, life will be guided by strict conviction as opposed to rationale and the other way around. I. They expend some thing intensely during strict celebration. ii. Certain things are confined by the strict conviction to devour. iii. A few boosts impact the utilization. 3. 3. 2 Consumption design Muslims purchase and expend certain particular food things intensely during the long stretch of ‘Ramadan and purchase parcel of blessings during the ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr, and demoralizes its supporters the utilization of specific things, for example, mixed drink. . Promoting project to arrive at A passionate individual from ‘Islam’ may think of it as unethical to be materialistic, where another individual from a similar religion may discover nothing incorrectly in getting materialistic. An advertiser of cine-magazine will have no issue in co ntacting the later individual, where it will be practically inconceivable for him to enter the market comprising of individuals of the other mindset and strict convictions. So an advertiser should be extremely delicate to decide an item or administration for that specific gathering of individuals. 3. 4 Regional The manner in which individuals lead their ways of life may likewise shift as indicated by wh

The Social Consequences Of Divorce In Canada Social Work Essays

The Social Consequences Of Divorce In Canada Social Work Essays The Social Consequences Of Divorce In Canada Social Work Essay The Social Consequences Of Divorce In Canada Social Work Essay Separation or breaking down of marriage alludes to the closing lapse of a legal marriage through the abrogation of the lawful obligations and duties of marriage what's more crumbling of the obligations of marriage between wedded individuals. Primarily, separate requires a canonic lawful technique either through an equity or other related governments. In the vast majority of the European expresses a separation is non seen to be an affirmation that a marriage is void and invalid or as a disavowal however as an undoing of the marital situation of the concerned individuals or duo. In states where monogamousness is a statute, the separated from mates have the approval to hold or get hitched another individual however in the states where polygamy is allowed the separated from grown-up female has the privilege to obtain wedded by another. This exploration paper is venturing out to talk on how separation has influenced the existence openings and odds of the Canadian children and youthful peo ple who have had the separation experience. The variables to be examined incorporate the offense or wrongdoing, constrained instructive fulfillment ( school dropout ) employments partner to socialization, or other cultural occupations ( substance abuse ) . Parental separation causes wrongdoing or offense conduct in the influenced kids. As we as a whole realize that numerous children get their practices to a great extent from companions or guardians. Again kids have a characteristic alluring power to their folks since birth. Separation implies that a child may non gain a corporate parental consideration from their folks since they ( guardians ) might be too much occupied to pay taking care of their children. Most separated from guardians will in general be suffocated into the separation occasions of discouragements along these lines go forthing their children to make what they need and to be in the organization of whoever they please. Absence of parental advice can propel children to digress from the necessary cultural practices consequently arraigning in some adolescent Acts of the Apostless, for example, abuse, hooliganism and burglary in the neighboring spots. There are various separation factors that adds to offense and wrongdoing o ther than lack of parental guidance, consideration and love. One of the components is the financial conditions which are ever connected with an individual family unit and which puts the children at more prominent risks. This is on the grounds that kids who do happen their parental financial guide uninspiring may make up ones brain to fight for their ain thusly gaining included to the offense condition of affairss. It is conceivable to express that alongside the insufficiency of stuff proprietorships it can do the youngster to slide down the dangerous slope into the life of wrongdoing. The other factor is socialization. This is on the grounds that the children shacking with singular guardians may non be happy to blend in with others and even the parent. This is not normal for the children who are populating with their the two guardians. Once more, a portion of the guardians might be delinquents and their children will duplicate from them consequently going delinquents unreasonably. A nother factor is awful regions. This is impelled by the way that numerous individual guardians are non extremely prosperous or even monetarily steady and they subsequently wind up shacking in minimal effort ghetto nations whereby their children might be constrained by fortunes to be associated with wrongdoing and offense Acts of the Apostless. The other factor is the manners by which the functionaries and frameworks from a portion of the proper foundations, for example, the constabulary, councils and schools react to the children from the individual guardians family units. This is on the grounds that they will in general fathom them contrarily hence putting them as delinquents and a few so may make up ones brain to be what they are being related with. The wrongdoing practices in kids from separated from family units might be brought about by the vicious and forceful practices experienced by the children if the separation strategy or their parental marriage was damaged by brutal and forceful practices ( Kulla, 2006 ) . There is one nation which is essentially influenced by separation and it is clearly the child s guidance. These impacts are mainly described by a child s dot in open introduction and the child may other than get down moving out in classification. Kids presented to separate are other than prone to repeat class at any rate twice what's more have the likeliness of obtaining removed or ousted from school in any event multiple times. These two highlights connote that the child is holding inconveniences in get bying with the separation of a parent s marriage. Orchestrating to the study which was done by two Canadian colleges ( Alberta and Manitoba ) , the impacts of parental separation could loan to more noteworthy school globule out commonness in the midst of the children whose guardians are getting separated when contrasted with those whose guardians live respectively. The exploration delineated that the impacts of separation were much far more regrettable for the childs who experienced at least two parental modifications as a result of expire, remarriage, separate and significantly another separation. It was assessed that these childs have just 40-50 % plausibility of effectively completing secondary school guidance when contrasted with their contrary numbers from the steady family units. Orchestrating to the college inquire about laborers 78.4 % of children who did non experience parental separation or burst finished their guidance before their equivalents who experience an adjustment in the family unit family. The exploration other than indicated that there was no significant contrast between the childs who encountered the loss of one parent and the 1s experienced one separation ( Enotalone.com, 2009 ) . The results other than demonstrated that in these two gatherings around 60 % got secondary school sheepskin albeit only a couple of children who experienced in excess of two separated from families got secondary school sheepskin. Absence of scholarly open introd uction and lack of tutoring cuts down the children s capacity to go future expert whereby some may plug up going stealers and even unskilled workers. Another ground with regards to why kids from separated from family units do no run into their scholarly closures is the financial strain of the separating from guardians and especially the tutelary female parent who much of the time face post separate from impacts. Custodial female guardians regularly face sensational monetary losingss following separation that lead to the sentiments of accentuation which unfavorably influence raising. The separation is essentially wild to the children in light of the fact that the tutelary parent ordinarily faces a significant entirety of accentuation in the clasp time frame in a flash after the separation. Financial loss of the tutelary parent influences the guidance of the children in light of the fact that the children may change school might be from acceptable to hapless schools which are related with need and hapless classs. A school that has low rules of guidance regularly delivers hapless students. Some tutelary parent may even miss satisfact ory cash to take their children to schools and this might be extremely damaging to the future business odds of the child for what office work can any one slam without scholarly reports. Again a child shacking with the tutelary guardians my abhorrence the kind of new school they have now been moved or moved to and they in this way can make up ones brain to drop out of school along these lines going one of the ignorant individuals in the general public. It ought to be noticed that kids who are sing parental separation are bound to drop out of school especially when there is no conveying between the school and spot so that there can be a decent coordination if the child is heading out to be aided get bying with the disengagement of the parent s marriage. Youngsters from the separated from families may other than disregard to make up to their scholastic finishes since a portion of the children keep up giggling or in any event, looking down at them. This brings roughly decreased fixation whereby the child winds up executing sick scholastically ( Theparentreport.com, 2010 ) . Separation significantly influences the socialization of the few children. It is equivalent to the stinging of expire of a parent. Separation ever makes an extraordinary misfortune, despondency, disarray and despair for the children. For case they loathe themselves and the individuals around them since they accept that they are the reason for the separation and that their folks do non love them any more. These children other than have employments in school and other cultural nations for some have a truly low respect to a point that they do non want to be related with different children. Once more, they feel that are useless and awful. A few children will in general aversion relationship with their folks since they feel that they have allowed them to down and others wish that they were brought into the world in stable family units. Separation can affect the child and the impacts may head out up to her development affecting nations, for example, business connections or even future marr iage. For case in Canada, adolescent and youngster females who experience separate are related with low respect, indiscriminate practices, for example, harlotry, more prominent reprobate practices and ordinarily experience difficulties in keeping the drawn out connections. They other than experience the incredible loss of their male guardians both by and by and genuinely for they feel that they ( male guardians ) deserted them since they are non affectionate bounty, sensibly sufficient and shrewd bounty. Numerous children from the separated have socialization employments since they may miss sufficient establishments and assets which they used to hold. They may in this way plug up losing their long clasp companions along these lines missing sufficient organization to associate with. There are some cultural occupations which are related with separate. These incorporate medication abuse because of the focusing on encounters the children experience as a result of parental separation. Once more, many wind up consuming medications since they see them as better supporter to their employments c

Drainage System in Kathmandu free essay sample

In spite of the fact that legislature has made numerous duties to improve the current status of sewage the executives however no genuine moves has been made in such manner. Wastewater treatment offices are restricted, and where given they experience the ill effects of incessant decay, support and activity issues, and are frequently non-useful. On the off chance that the pace of removal of this sewage goes on with this current circumstance then it will be hard for all occupants of the city. The issue has been additionally strengthened by huge increment in populace of urban regions which at last expands the problem.The Kathmandu Valley which is the focal point of organization, business, social and monetary exercises is the most thickly populated district in Nepal where the populace has been expanding quickly. During the most recent three decades, the development in populace has been altogether determined by in-movement. The fast un-arranged urbanization of the Kathmandu Valley has carried negative effects on its general turn of events. We will compose a custom exposition test on Waste System in Kathmandu or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Absence of operational wastewater framework offices has changed over all streams of valley into an exceptionally dirtied watercourse.Congested and swarmed streets carried hardship to voyagers and street intersections became trash dumping locales. Regardless of these negative effects, the urbanization of the Valley proceeded at a comparative rate throughout the previous 10 years. The most seasoned sewers in the center region of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur were worked during the Malla time frame for transport of surface waste and household sewage. The sewerage arrangement of the center territory was additionally evolved during 1898 †1950 by the Rana dynasty.The waste framework was additionally evolved in different five years plan and different enactments are likewise been made. Despite the fact that there is a legitimate prerequisite to associate wastewater pipes from a property to a sewer if the open sewer is inside 30m, scarcely any land owners are happy. Likewise there is absence of co-appointment between different government offices, for example, districts and others dealing with the sewerage segment in the Valley. 5. Proposed Methodology This is an engaging kind of research.

Do Asians Rights Be Ignored America Essay - 1489 Words

Katherine Annotated Bibliography WRTG 1150 Jennifer Campbell 11/2/2016 Do Asians’ rights be ignored in America? When I search â€Å"Asian rights in America† on Google, there are almost 68400000 search results. But if I search â€Å"Black people rights in America†, there are about 90800000 search results online. It is obviously that there are some differences between these two values and what reason causes this different? Why people focus more attention on black people’s rights not on Asians’ rights? You may say that it’s maybe because the number of Asians is smaller than the number of black people. It’s true. In America, Asians are mineral group and only occupy 5.6 percent of the total American population. But I don’t think quantity is the only influence factor and also I disagree with this assumption that micro community’s rights can be ignored selectively by people. Everyone’s equal and they should have same rights and get same attention from public no matter what skin colors they have and where they come from. It’s year 2016 and in the U.S.A which is a democratic country; I know that black people’s rights matter, white people’s rights matter. But please never forget Asian’s rights matter too. Asians including East Asian, South Asian and Southeast Asian. And in 19th century, the first Chinese immigrations arrived at United States. But they didn’t live a happy life at America; on the contrary most of Chinese immigration became labor and were used as a tool working at the mostShow MoreRelatedCultural Profile With Mexican And Asian Cultures940 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypes. Black culture has values, traditions, and unique communication styles that have developed the platform for other cultures, such as Mexican and Asian culture, despite our differences. 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Ethics Moral Reasoning Contemporary Issues -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethics Moral Reasoning Contemporary Issues? Answer: Introduction Company X has just signed a business agreement with Company Y, which entitles both of them to access each other clients records. Mr. Faisal, a software programmer at Company Z, was assigned the task of developing a software program that handles the access and retrieval of records from each Companys database system into the other. A first run of the software on real data indicated that the work was well within the state of the art, and no difficulties were found or anticipated. Several weeks later and during a normal test on the software developed, Faisal discovered a serious security hole in the database system of Company Y by which hackers can easily obtain confidential information about clients. He was convinced that while the software he developed could correctly accomplish the task, the code in Company Ys database system could not be trusted as the security hole posed a threat even on Company Xs database system. Faisal told his manager about the problem and explained its signific ance. The manager's response was, "That's not our problem; let's just be sure that our software functions properly." Faisal is not sure what to do. Refusing to work on the project means disobeying his managers orders. Continuing to work on the project, means disobeying one of Gods commands, this requires him to be truthful and sincere in his dealings. Q1. What's going on? The company X is in a business agreement with company Y. The database of company Y contains a security hole due to which it is also affecting the database of company Y. The manager is not listening to the software programmer. He just wants his software to function properly. The software programmer is in dilemma of working on the project. Q2. What are the facts? By testing it was concluded that the database system of company Y has a security hole and it will definitely affect the database system of company Y. Faisal cannot refuse the project because it will be against his managers order and while continuing the project he will be disobeying the Gods commands. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that the database system of Y has security hole, the manager is not listening, and the software programmer do not want to disobey his managers as well as Gods commands. Q4. Who is affected? All the three companies i.e. X, Y, and Z is affected. The software programmer is also affected. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? It is unethical and wrong code of conduct if company Z do not tell company X that their database is getting affected because of company Y. Company Y should also know about its database. Apart from this, if company Z only think about its business growth at the cost of others business it is against the ethical code of conducts. Q6. What can be done about it? The company Z should acknowledge company X and Y about the security threats and poles. Q7. What are the options? One of the options is to check the database of company Y and analyse the security pole and correct it. Other option is to break the agreement between company X and company Y. Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is to analyse company Ys database system and correct the security poles so that they do not affect the functionality of the software. In April 2014, Donald Sterling, then owner of the National Basketball Association (NBA)s San Diego Clippers, was accused of making racist remarks about African Americans. It turns out that Sterlings then (girl) friend, V. Stiviano, had recorded those remarks on an electronic device and then later decided to make them available to a wider audience. This incident received extensive media coverage in the United States and beyond. Many people were appalled by Sterlings remarks, and some also pointed out the irony in this incident, given that the majority of the players on his basketball team (who were largely responsible for generating income for Sterling) were African Americans. Shortly following the fallout from this controversy, Sterling was forced by the NBA to sell his team to a new owner. While most people agreed that Sterling should resign and be required to relinquish his NBA franchise, some were nevertheless troubled by the manner in which his remarks, which were made in confide nce to a close friend, were secretly recorded via a digital device and then (eventually) made available to the public. The practice of secretly recording someones private conversations is not exactly new; after all, law enforcement authorities have used wiring devices to trap suspected criminals into disclosing information that can lead to their arrests. But the idea that ordinary people, especially those in intimate relationships, can now so easily record conversations in deceptive ways via their tiny digital devices can seem chilling. For example, would this practice influence what intimate friends would be willing (or not willing) to say to each other in (supposed) confidence? Would it also alter our privacy expectations in the future with respect to conversations with romantic partners? Q1. What's going on? Donald Sterling who is the owner of National Basketball Association was accused of making racist comments on African American which had great media coverage. He was asked by NBA to sell his company. Few people supported him because it was a private conversation which was recorded and then made public. Q2. What are the facts? The facts include the recordings by a digital medium. Donald Sterling made such racist comments. Along with this, it is also against the laws to record someones private conversations in a deceptive way. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that he made such comments and secondly they were made public. Q4. Who is affected? Donald Sterling is affected along with his past girlfriend V.Stiviano. The other members of the team are also getting affected. The NBAs board of members and the African Americans are also in the list. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? The ethical issues are that it is purely unethical to record anyones private conversations in a deceptive way and then making it public. Only the law enforcement authorities can do it that too only for the criminals not for common people. Q6. What can be done about it? The recording should be considered invalid and strict law actions should be taken against V.Stiviano. Apart from this laws should be implemented to authenticate the privacy and confidentiality of common people. Q7. What are the options? First option is that Donald Sterling makes an apology on the media taking back his offensive words. The other way is taking legal actions on his girlfriend for accusing his confidentiality publicly by unethical means. After this, Donald Sterling can be suspended from his team for a while but he doesnt have to sell his team. Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is that he make a public apology stating that he take his words back. After that he should be suspended from a team for a short span of time. You are a computer programmer working for a small business that provides specialized financial services to local, mostly small businesses. You have been working for company X for about six months. Recently X has been occupied with reengineering the inventory system of a local hardware chain, ABC Hardware. The objective is to enable ABC to keep better track of their inventory, to be more responsive to changes in customer demand, and to adopt a just in time strategy to reduce inventory. Your supervisor calls you into his office. Do you know of any existing software products to help ABC keep better track of its inventory? You mention a particular product that you have worked with in another job and point out that ABC could use it without any modification. The only drawback, you point out, is that this software is somewhat expensive. Your supervisor leans back in his chair, puffs on his cigar and says, Thats no problem. We have that software. Why dont you just install it on ABCs computer s? You diplomatically indicate that this would violate the licensing agreement X has with the developers of the software. Do it anyway, your supervisor says. Nobodys going to find out, and ABC is a very important client. We need to do all we can to keep them happy. Q1. What's going on? The company X which provides specialized financial services to local now gets occupied with reengineering of the inventory system of ABC Hardware. ABC Hardware wants software which adopts just-in-time strategy and manages the inventory. The supervisor of company X asks the computer programmer to use the software of his old company. The computer programmer knows that it will violate the licensing agreement of X with the developers of the software. But the developer forces the computer programmer(Shafer-Landau, 2011). Q2. What are the facts? The facts are that using the software of the previous company will violate the licensing agreement of company X. The conversation between the supervisor and the computer programmer tells that the supervisor wants the software any which ways. Q3. What are the issues (non-ethical)? The issues are that the programmer cannot disobey the orders of his software. But if ABC Hardware uses that software it will be expensive for them. Q4. Who is affected? The computer programmer and his old company where thee software was used before will be affected. Along with this, ABC Hardware will be affected too as they will have to pay more. Q5. What are the ethical issues and implications? The supervisor asked to use the software in any condition. But the computer programmer knew that if he will do it this will violate the licensing agreement of company X with the developers of the software which is against the ethical code of conduct. Q6. What can be done about it? The company X can create its own software and can take ideas from the old software. Q7. What are the options? The supervisors of company X can take authenticate permission from the developers of the software to use their software. The computer programmer can suggest making new software in accordance with the old software(Moreland, 2016). Q8. Which option is best - and why? The best option is if the supervisor of company X takes permission i.e. signs an agreement with the developers of the software. By this method, they wont be violating the licensing agreement. They will not have to make new software. Analyse the above case study (i, ii, iii) using either two or four classical ethical theories. So, it is always from the four classical ethical theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract. In case study 1, the software programmers follow the virtue ethics theory because he fined the way of doing the project unethical. He follows virtue moral values by himself. This theory also reflects the character of the programmer which is good. Along with this, utilitarianism theory is followed by the manager because he thinks that the actions he is taking are morally right until and unless the consequences are not known although he can easily predict the results(Foster, 2016). In case study 2, Donald Sterling follows the virtue ethical theory because it reflects his character about the African Americans. The way he feels about the people of his team and about other individuals. The contact theory is followed by his girlfriend because she recorded the conversation and made it public disrespecting the moral values and human rights(Vaughn, 2015). Deontology theory is also followed by his girlfriend because she thinks that whatever she done is right according to her irrespective of the consequences of his actions on Donald Sterling. In case study 3, the supervisor is forcing the programmer to use the software in any condition. Hence he follows deontology theory because he is not worried about the consequences and according to him this is the best way to provide good software to ABC Hardware. The programmer follows the virtue and contact theories because he is a person with a good character and he dont want to violate any rules. Secondly, according to the contact theory the programmer is following the basic laws and code of conduct of business and he know agreeing to the supervisor will violate the licensing agreement of the company with the developers of the software(Hailey, 2006). Over the years a number of systems have been developed which record coded information across a range of factors about disabilities in ethnic communities. A new coding convention has been developed to rationalise the inconsistent coding conventions of these legacy systems. The new coding convention uses codes which had different meanin gs in the legacy systems. This means that time series analysis gives inconsistent results, particularly showing both under and over reporting of numbers of particular disability categories. This is significant when making policies for people based on the size of the communities. To fix this would take a lot of work and expense, and management has decreed that historical systems will not be fixed, but new systems will all adopt the new coding convention. There are number of systems which records information on the basis of many factors in ethnic communities. Recently, a new coding convention is developed which resolves the different coding conventions used in the systems. The management announced that the historical systems do not have to use the new conventions but the old systems have to implement it(Chonko, 2016). The management followed deontology theory because they made decisions in accordance to the ethics of the individuals and the society. Utilitarianism theory is also followed because the new convention will be beneficial for everyone. Various professional codes of ethics are also followed, for example, the new code convention is respect and is shared by everyone. The work environment is created in a way that it gets easy for everyone to adapt the new coding convention system. The value of money is also taken into consideration and hence it has been announced that the old systems do not have to adopt the new coding convention. The new coding convention provides consistency in the working environment and it is respected. Along with this, there is a value of work and expense and hence the old systems do not have to adopt the new coding convention system(LaFollette Persson, 2013). A software development company has just produced a new software package that incorporates the new tax laws and figures taxes for both individuals and small businesses. The president of the company knows that the program has a number of bugs. He also believes the first firm to put this kind of software on the market is likely to capture the largest market share. The company widely advertises the program. When the company actually ships a CD, it includes a disclaimer of responsibility for errors resulting from the use of the program. The company expects it will receive a number of complaints, queries, and suggestions for modification. The company plans to use these to make changes and eventually issue updated, improved, and debugged versions. The president argues that this is general industry policy and that anyone who buys version 1.0 of a program knows this and will take proper precautions. Because of bugs, a number of users filed incorrect tax returns and were penalised by the ATO. The software company produced new software which includes the new tax laws and displays taxes for small business and individuals. It is in prior notice of the company that there are many bugs in the software. For the users, the company includes a disclaimer about the bugs. On the basis of feedbacks the company decides to update the bugs. But still the users who used this software filed incorrect tax return and hence were penalised by the ATO. The company has Utilitarianism ethical theory as they knew what will be the outcomes of using the software. Along with this, the virtue theory also comes in picture because it determines the behaviour of an individual. The company launched the software by mentioning the bugs which tells that they possess a good character. Professionally, the company respect the code of ethics of the customers and gave them clarity of the software. The company was also honest with the users(Hailey, 2006). Hence, it can easily be concluded that the companies software contains bugs but they have mentioned about the bugs to their audience. The company was honest to the users and also respected their result. But the outcome of the software was bad as the users filled incorrect returns and were penalised by the ATO. New Australian national security laws will permit hacking by its intelligence agencies and approve the retention of personal web and phone metadata. This will break new ground around the world and raise significant privacy concerns, privacy groups have warned. Discuss this scenario from an ethical and professional perspective and the implications these new laws will have for Australian citizens. The new Australian national security laws will allow hacking with the help of its intelligence departments this will help in retaining the personal data and the metadata. Because of these laws the privacy will be at high concern. These laws follows virtue ethical theories as it will reflect the behaviour of the people involved in the hacking. Along with this, the citizens rights will be followed on the highest priority(Blackstone Lewis, 2013). From professional perspective, this is wrong as it will put the citizens private data on risk. The laws will be violating the principles of the code of conduct of the citizens. Hence, all over the world this will raise significant privacy concerns for the citizens. References Blackstone, W. and Lewis, W. (1962).Commentaries on the laws of England. Boston: Beacon Press. Chonko, L. (2016).Ethical Theories. [online] Available at: https://www.dsef.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/EthicalTheories.pdf [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Foster, C. (2016).Software Licensing: What You Don't Know Can Hurt You | AllBusiness.com. [online] Available at: https://www.allbusiness.com/software-licensing-what-you-dont-know-can-hurt-you-15636003-1.html [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Hailey, K. (2006).Code of professional conduct. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers Judges Pub. Hooker, B. (2012).Developing deontology. Malden, MA: Wiley. LaFollette, H. and Persson, I. (2013).The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Moreland, J. (2016).Ethics Theories: Utilitarianism Vs. Deontological Ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.equip.org/article/ethics-theories-utilitarianism-vs-deontological-ethics/ [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018]. Shafer-Landau, R. (2011).Ethical theory. Malden, MA [u.a.]: Blackwell. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues. New York: W.W. Norton Company.

The Chocolate War Book Report Essay Example For Students

The Chocolate War Book Report Essay 1. Robert Cormier wrote The Chocolate War. The copyright of the book is 1974. 2. In the exposition of The Chocolate War, Jerry Renault, the freshman quarterback, was receiving constant blows from opposing players. Jerry was trying to get the ball to his receiver, the Goober, but not having any luck. In The Chocolate War, the rising action was the majority of the story. At Trinity High School, the school that Jerry attends, there is a group of elite students called the Vigils. The Vigils give out assignments to random students at Trinity. Archie, the head, told the Goober that his assignment was to unscrew every screw in Room nineteen. The Goober spent several hours doing his assignment, and eventually finished with the assistance of a few Vigil members. As the story goes on, the reader learns that every year at Trinity, there is a chocolate sale run by the assistant head master, Brother Leon. The last major detail in the rising action was when Archie informed Jerry of his assignment, Jerry s assignment was not to sell chocolates for the first ten days of the annual chocolate sale. We will write a custom essay on The Chocolate War Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The climax of the novel was on the eleventh day of the chocolate sale when Jerry was supposed to start selling the chocolates but he didn t. As a result of Jerry not selling any chocolates, the other students sales began to plummet during the falling action of the story. Brother Leon began to feel nervous and had to go to Archie and the Vigils for help. Incredibly, the Vigils turned the whole school against Jerry and made selling chocolates the cool thing. Students began to look down upon Jerry for not conforming to the chocolate sale tradition. Someone even vandalized Jerry s locker and cut up his gym sneakers. A group of boys, including Emile Janza, one of the biggest bullies at Trinity, jumped Jerry after football practice and abused Jerry s body with their fists and football cleats. The Chocolate War didn t have a happy ending, but there was a resolution in the story. Archie set up a boxing match, of all things, between Jerry Renault and Emile Janza. Emile ended up beating Jerry to a bloody pulp in a matter of minutes, while Jerry landed only three punches the entire match. As a result Jerry finally learned that he couldn t beat the system, and that he d be better off doing what his authorities instructed him to do. 3. The main conflict of The Chocolate War comes from Jerry Renault wanting to be different. The conflict involves Jerry, who doesn t want to sell the chocolates, and Brother Leon and Archie who want him to sell the chocolates. I would consider this conflict to be external human conflict. 4. The story doesn t actually state a certain time period in which the story takes place, but I d say the story takes place in the late seventies or the early eighties. Most of the story takes place at Trinity High School in a town that the author doesn t reveal. 5. Jerry Renault, the protagonist in The Chocolate War, is a brave and caring young man. He proved himself to be brave by standing up to the vigils like no other student had, and agreeing to be in the boxing bout knowing his chances of winning were slim to none. Jerry always felt sorry for his dad whose wife had died, and he always was trying to cheer up his best friend, the Goober, who had a low self-esteem. Both of these acts make Jerry a character with whom the reader empathizes. 6. The main antagonist was Archie Castello. Archie is a cold-hearted selfish individual. By forcing students to do the assignments that they didn t want to do and making the Goober cry, Archie proved himself to be very cold-hearted. Archie using Emile in the boxing match so he didn t have to get beat up and taking all the credit for the chocolate sales proved Archie to be quite selfish. .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .postImageUrl , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:hover , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:visited , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:active { border:0!important; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:active , .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0 .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6b2a90e14d721907a40cfdcb28755e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Engineering And American Engineering7. Jerry agreed to fight in a boxing match knowing that he didn t have much of a chance because he didn t want to be like a coward and he didn t like getting pushed around. 8. The Chocolate War was told from about a dozen characters points of view. This point of view would be third person omniscient. Had the author chosen to tell the story from just one point of view, I wouldn t have been aware of so many details only made available through a third person omniscient point of view. 9. The mood of The Chocolate War is sorrow. The author makes the reader feel sorry for Jerry when he gets beat up on two occasions. Neither time was for a very good reason. I felt sorry for the Goober when he was crying after receiving his assignment. 10. The theme of The Chocolate War was, don t mess with the authorities. Jerry tried to stand up to Leon, Archie, and the Vigils by not selling chocolates. He was successful for a few days, but he couldn t hold his own when it came to battling his authorities in the chocolate war. 11. I did enjoy The Chocolate War because its main character was a freshman boy just like I am. I didn t understand why the leaders of Trinity High School allowed the Vigils to exist. Some of the content of the book was a little graphic for a high school level when the author used several sexual terms. My favorite character in The Chocolate War was Jerry because he stood up for what he believed in. Even after he was beaten up, he still refused to sell the chocolates. I thought the title was fitting to the story because there really was a chocolate war.

Social Media Approval Process How to Build the Best One For You

Social Media Approval Process How to Build the Best One For You Trying to approve the numerous social media posts your try to publish every day is exhausting. The time it takes for your content to get approval all the way up your ends up costing the precious time your team needs. With a social media content approval process, your team will get back that much-needed time and publish content faster and easier. In this blog post youll learn: How to create your social media approval process How to plan out your teams time by tracking how long it takes to complete projects How to save your teams time by shortening your approval processHow to Create the Best Social Media Content Approval ProcessHow To Create Your Own Social Media Approval Process Creating your own social media approval process will take time. Remember before we start, that the social media approval process that we create for this example may look different then the one you create for your team. Thats okay! Lets get started. 1. How Much Time Do Your Higher Ups Need To Approve Content? If you have to send content up to your boss (or another level or two above them) it's going to take a while for that content to make its way up the ladder. Which means you need time. Talk to your boss (or their boss), and help determine how much time it will take them to review a standard social media campaign. For us, a standard social campaign contains: 1 Facebook post 10 Twitter posts 3 Pinterest pins 2 Google+ posts 2 LinkedIn posts Your campaigns could contain more Facebook posts, fewer tweets and more pins. How you build your campaigns will be determine by your audience, and where you want to concentrate your efforts. To keep track of what your standard social media campaign looks like, download our social media approval process workbook, and follow along with this post to fill it out. So if your social media manager takes three days to look over that content, your marketing manager takes 5  days to review that content, and your CMO takes seven  days, you have to send your content to your managers at least 15 days before publish. Time for approval may change if your standard social media campaign changes so don't be afraid to adjust times for different numbers of posts. Recommended Reading: How to Crush Social Media Campaign Planning How Much Time Does Your Social Media Specialist Need To Write All That Post Content? Now that you determined how much time your managers need to approve content, you need to figure out how much time your social media specialist needs to write that content. Again, we're going to use our standard social media campaign post numbers for this example. So you know that for our social media specialist writing social posts takes: 20 minutes per Facebook post 10 minutes per Twitter post 15 minutes per Pinterest post 10 minutes per LinkedIn post 10 minutes per Google+ post So with that information in mind you can continue filling out the workbook. With our social media campaign set you can estimate that it would take your social media specialist about 3 hours to complete the writing for the campaign. A little less than half a day. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja 3. How Long Does It Take Your Media Team To Create Video/Graphics For Your Social Campaigns? As a final step to your planning, you have to figure out how long it takes your media and graphics team to work through and create their content. For some campaigns, this process could take much longer than the writing and approval process combined. Graphics + Design Let's start with your design team. So let's pretend that we need a standard graphic for each one of our example social posts. 1 for Facebook 10 for Twitter 3 for Pinterest 2 for LinkedIn 2 for Google+ That's 18 graphics. Now say those graphics, on average, take about 30 minutes a piece to design and 20 minutes to edit. That's about an hour per graphic. If we went by our example, it would take one graphic designer about 2 and a half days to complete the designs for one social media campaign. So what's the fix? Talk to your designers about the different kinds of graphics that they've created for your social media sites including: Static Images GIFs Infographics Have an estimate created on how much time it will take your designers to complete each image. By recording those estimated times you know: How far in advance you need to talk to your designers What types of graphics you have available for each channel Recommended Reading: How to Make the Best Social Media Images the Easy Way (+84 Free Images) Social Media Video How long your video can be on certain social sites will vary, so make sure you triple check those times before talking to your video team. Facebook Time Length: 45 minutes Twitter Time Length: 2 minutes and 20 seconds Instagram Time Length: 60 seconds Pinterest Time Length: no limit Google+: 15 minutes (but they can be longer since you can connect your Google+ and YouTube accounts) LinkedIn: no limit So if you go back to our example, we would need either: One video that is no longer then 2 minutes and 20 seconds long to fit all the channels Five different videos that can vary in length So how does that look in our workbook? Talk to your video team and layout the different video lengths you would need for each channel and the time they think it would take to film. Now are you ever going to have a 45 minute Facebook, probably not. But once your team knows how long it will take to film a five-minute video for Facebook, they'll know how long it will take to film a five-minute video for Google+. Once your video team can estimate filming time, they can move on to editing. It's important to include both times as it may take your team longer to edit a video then it did to film it. So for this example, we would need to let our video team know about the social media campaign 7 days before it needs to go to the first manager for approval. Recommended Reading: How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way Transfer All Your Data Into An Approval Process So now that you have all your teams on a deadline, it's time to transfer all of that into an approval process. Our example would look something like this. Video creation and editing (23 days before publish) Graphics creation and editing (19 days before publish) Write social posts (18 days before publish) Approve content by Social Media Manager (16 days before publish) Approve content by Marketing Manager (13 days before publish) Approve content by CMO (8 days before publish) Publish content (0 days before publish) Looks pretty good huh? But that process means you still need to plan your content at least a month in advance. What if I told you I could make that process faster? How To Shorten Your Approval Process You can cut your approval process time in half. I'm not kidding. Wanna know how? Cut Out The Need For Your Content To Go All The Way Up To Higher Management If you're a CMO reading this, (and even if you're not) you probably know how long it takes to get the social content you need to see approved. It takes even longer if your team is trying to publish a lot of content. Shortening the approval process and cutting out the need for upper management to make smaller decisions not only free's up your time, it free's up your team's. In fact, The Harvard Business Review did a whole article on how a 4-step process can help your senior management team make decisions. But, you may think to yourself, letting my team role with the punches is nerve-wracking. Look at what happened to Sea World, Applebees, and Cracker Barrel. Sea World has a disastrous social media campaign that completely backfired on them. Applebees faced an angry mob and instead of fixing the problem, pour gasoline on to the flames. And then there's Cracker Barrel. They still have yet to respond to the extreme social media backlash they faced when they refused to answer a question posed by the husband of a fired employee. All of these companies bounced back, but the internet never forgets what happens with social media. It becomes vital that your team is vigilant, careful and incredibly observant of trends and what's going out on your social pages. This might make you panic and never want to send another social post without an extreme approval process. You can counter those fears by thoroughly training your team. Show them what you expect your social posts to look like, how to spot and correct errors, and what to do if something does go wrong. By showing your team how to correct the work and make decisions without you, you're empowering them to get more done. If you needed even more reason to remove yourself from the approval process, remember this. As a leader you're not judged by the product your produce but by your team. If you're able to show that your team is not only effective but extremely efficient, what better win for you is there?

An investigation of mediating effects on the core-self evaluation and Assignment

An investigation of mediating effects on the core-self evaluation and organizational commitment relationship - Assignment Example The decisions involving career planning needs to be done meticulously with emphasis given on individual strengths, weaknesses, skills, interest areas, motivational aspects and psychological assessment of the required job. The portfolio will deal with all the individual aspects and evaluation plans which can justify my key strengths and capabilities in finding the right job as per my professional capabilities. CV The making of Curriculum Vitae is the first step of the Personal Development Plan which highlights the key areas of interest, skills and expertise of a person. The best way of constructing a CV is to make it short, precise and emphasize on the points which matters the most to the companies like key areas of expertise, work experience in dealing with specified domains. CURRICULUM VITAE Steven Paul Birmingham, UK Cell phone: (+44) 7831310254 E-mail: spaul@yahoo.com OBJECTIVE Knowledge Acquisition and a learning drive are the motivating factors of my professional life which has helped me develop my professional goals and ambition. I am looking forward to a full time opportunity to work in a dynamic business environment. PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES Excellent interpersonal and communication skills Ardent believer in team work. Strong Management capabilities and experience to lead big teams. Project initiation and development. Self-motivated, hardworking and reliable Hunger to learn and acquire new skills, methods and procedures Computer skills: MS Office, MS Projects, Tally WORK EXPERIENCE 2007 till Date KPMG Project Leader Led a team of 10 people doing audit for client Held regular meetings with team for work assessment Gave Power Point presentations to the management for projects being carried out on a regular basis. ACHIEVMENTS/CERTIFICATES 2010 Diploma certification in Hedge Funds 2006 Certification in Science from Heritage Institute of Technology 2005 School Topper EDUCATION 2008-2010 Masters of Business and Administration from Durham University with specializa tion in Finance. 2005-2008 Bachelors in Science from University of Wales LANGUAGES Able to speak fluent English and French HOBBIES Reading; Playing sports REFERENCES: Available upon request Covering Letter To, The Human Resource Head Home Retail Group London, United Kingdom Sub: Application for the position of Financial Analyst Sir, This is to inform you that I wish to offer my candidature for the post of financial analyst. I am an MBA from Durham University with major in Finance. My key area of specialization is that of a management consultant. I have good domain knowledge of operations and logistics which I combine with my financial expertise to tell the management what would be the correct step forward. I have done years of research in Durham University which has helped my cause with enough industry experience. I would like to be given an opportunity to give a presentation to you where I can show my strengths and answer business related queries of yours. Thanking You, Yours truly , Steven Paul Job Market The world market was under recession in 2008 when the economy was in shatters with the top banking firms collapsing due to financial crisis which was more of a policy failure with huge financial credits given being unrecoverable. This had put the economy under severe recession and my firm was also retrenching candidates. From that stage the economy has recovered and so has the job market. The current job market in the accounting sector in 2012 has again seen a boost compared to the dip

Business Synoptic Analysis of Nestle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Synoptic Analysis of Nestle - Essay Example Western countries led to a shift from the large scale manufacturers to the national discount chains and supermarkets. As a consequence Nestle directed its attention towards the emerging markets in Latin America, Asia and Eastern Europe for exploring the growth potential of the regions. The reason for this divergence is fairly simple- rapid growth of the emerging countries. Despite these countries being poor the fast economic growth coupled with the rapidly growing population of the region and the market friendly policies of the government of these developing markets makes these regions lucrative attractive business destinations. Though these countries are relatively poor the growth rate of their economies is commendable. For instance if the most recent growth forecasts are taken into account it was anticipated that by 2010 the population in India and China would reach 700 million. The income level of this population was assumed to be in line with the income level of Spain. With the a nticipated rise in the level of income the consumers are expected to substitute basic foodstuff with branded food items. This offers a host of opportunities for multinational food companies like Nestle. The main strategy of the company is to make a place in these markets before the entry of its rivals and establish its presence in the local markets by selling the items that are locally popular. The aim behind this strategy is to establish a commanding position in each of these markets. Once it is able to build itself then it can shift the focus on the upscale items like chocolates, mineral water, prepared food stuffs and cookies. The emerging markets are also popular on account of the pro-liberalisation policies of the national governments. This encourages the companies as it does not have to face any regulatory restrictions in setting up its operations. It is not likely to face any opposition. In some economies there are restrictions in businesses like retail however as Nestle is a consumer goods manufacturing company it does not have to face any such resistance thereby facilitating its smooth entry into the emerging economies. The emerging markets have been an attractive business destination for the multinational corporations. The main reason for this is that the emerging markets offer high skilled labour at low wages. Other than this the valuable untapped natural resources of the region adds to the potential of the region. Moreover, the rising middle income group of these countries indicates a substantial market for consumer goods (Cavusgil, et al., 2009, p.251). The attractiveness of the emerging markets is validated by Porter’s Five Forces model: 1. Threat of entry of new competitors: In general, Nestle identifies new markets at nascent stages and enters the markets much before its competitors do. This helps Nestle enjoy all the benefits of a first mover and creates substantial entry barriers for new entrants in the market. 2. Intensity of competitive rivalry: Nestle may face competition from 2 different kind of companies – companies native to the markets it is entering & other transnational competitors like Kraft foods. While native compani es are generally way too small for Nestle to pose a significant competition, bigger and resourceful transnational com

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay In the early 1960’s there was a drift towards Cognitive Behavior Therapy as people turned away out of disappointment in the psychodynamic theory for psychotherapy. Also at this time social learning theory was the new and upcoming study. This is when Cognitive theory emerged with Alfred Adler. He was the first Cognitive therapist who came up with the idea that an individuals beliefs and ideas is what makes up their behavior (Lantz, 1996). He believed that this type of psychotherapy would allow the clients to make changes in the way they think to change their behavior and solve their problems. Alfred Adler was not the only contributor to Cognitive theory. Between the late 1950’s and early 1960’s Albert Ellis came up with dysfunctional thinking or emotions that come from irrational beliefs. He sought out to change these unclear emotions with psychotherapy and by challenging these beliefs. His books are very well known and used a lot of by different therapist. He is basically considered the grandfather of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and his ABC model is used widely. Albert came up with Rational-emotive therapy, which was later on changed to Rational-emotive behavior therapy because Ellis wanted his clients to act upon their new beliefs by putting them into practice (Wilde, 1996, p. 9). Others who have contributed to Cognitive theory have been William Glasser, Arnold Lazarus, Don Tosi, Victor Ramy, Maxie Maultsby, Aron Beck and many more. William Glasser used effective psychotherapy to help his clients find courage to change their life style and become more responsible of their goals. He did this by pointing out the worth of self and the basic human need to be loved. His ‘reality therapy’ consisted of his clients focusing on personal responsibility to understand their own reality (Lantz, 1996). Arnold Lazarus came up with the seven modes of the client that help assess their functioning. These seven modes are sensation, imagery, cognition, behavior affect, interpersonal living and drugs (Lantz, 1996). These modes, according to Lazarus, would help come up with a treatment plan that would help the client in all areas of their function lives. Don Tosi contributed to Cognitive theory by intergrading hypnosis with the therapy. Hypnosis is used to help the clients picture their thoughts in a healthy way through exploration and redirection (Lantz, 1996). Victor Ramy focused his work on helping clients change their self-concept. His books show how to help a client work with and change the cognitive misunderstanding of themselves. Maxie Maultsby used the ABC model as used by Albert Ellis but he also contributed by using rational behavior therapy with youngsters, for self-help groups, and group therapy. Aron Beck was a psychiatrist who used cognitive treatment to help his clients who had anxiety and personality disorders. He did extensive research on effective Cognitive therapy and how it helps clients with a range of individual problems from suicidal patients to those who have borderline personality disorders. Many of those who contributed to Cognitive therapy were not social workers. The first social worker that used Cognitive therapy was Harold Werner. Werner struggled early on when he tried to bring Cognitive therapy to social work as those who had a psychoanalytical point of view attacked him. His efforts allowed the theory to be accepted in the social work arena. Howard Goldstein also helped bring Cognitive therapy into the social work profession. Behavior theory is a mixture of different theories combined and it first came about in the first quarter of this century. The work of Ivan Pavlov and his classical conditioning theory, the work of B.F. Skinner and J.B. Watson and their operant condition theory and the work of Bandura on the social learning theory is all combined in the behavior theory. The classical conditioning theory states that a conditioned stimulus can cause a conditioned response with the famous example of Pavlov and the salivating dog. This is a behavior that is learned and that can be used to help clients during therapy especially those who have anxiety disorders. The operant conditioning uses human behavior and examines it. Skinner believed that behavior was measurable and that certain situations cause human to react is certain ways. Once these behaviors are learned through the scientific method we can predetermine a clients actions and help them with either negative or positive reinforcements. This will either increase or decrease the client’s behavior depending on if the behavior is punished or positively reinforced. In the late 60’s is when behavior theory became a front-runner with clinical social work. At this time the psychodynamic theories were under attack and a new theories were sought out. Social learning theory focuses on using the ABC model that Albert Ellis used to help clients. This involves finding the antecedents, target behaviors, and consequence in ones problematic behavior. Antecedents is what the client was doing before the situation occurred, target behavior is the behavior that needs to be changed or focused on and the consequence is the result because of their target behavior (Thomlison Thomlison, 1996). These three are analyzed to figure out what needs to change in the behavior to get an alternate positive consequence or to see how the situation can be avoided. Principles and Concepts: There are four basic concepts to Cognitive theory. The first uses Albert Ellis’s ABC model to deal with the emotions we feel and the way we think about our situations and ourselves. The ABC model helps us identify our thoughts and then helps us control our emotions (Lantz, 1996). If what we are thinking during a situation is irrational then our emotions are going to be uncontrollable and irrational also. If we have rational thoughts then our emotions will be functional. If our trigger behavior causes irrational emotions then we need to find rational emotions to replace the irrational belief (Wilde, 1996, p. 33). The second basic concept to Cognitive theory is that these irrational beliefs are in our unconscious and we are not aware of them. This may make it difficult to find out what the thoughts are and why we have dysfunctional emotions. To help our clients notice their irrational beliefs we have to allow them to learn misconceptions about themselves so they are more aware of their thoughts. Irrational believes lead to illogical emotions, which causes the client to react in an unreasonable way, but there are exactions to these types of situation, which is basic concept three (Lantz, 1996). Sometimes the way we feel has nothing to do with our irrational beliefs. What we are feeling is really true or there could be a neurological or other health problem, which can make an individual feel down or angry or upset. A disparity in the brain chemistry can cause dysfunctional emotions. Lastly all irrational emotions are not always dysfunctional which means a rational belief can be dysfunctional also. A client might get sort of ‘high’ or excited from something dangerous such as a gun. Playing with a gun might give a client a feeling of excitement and happiness but it is not safe to play with guns. Feeling happy or excited is not considered a dysfunctional emotion but in this case we would have to teach the client about the misconception in their mind that playing with guns is safe or fun. Cognitive theory allows a person to recognize their environment and their situation both physically and communally and it allows them to work through and change it (Lantz, 1996). A basic concept to Behavior theory is that all behavior is learned and that individual have problematic behaviors. According to Skinner our social problems can be measured through our behavior. By changing the environment and reinforcing the client with either positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement we can get them to change their behavior. The stimuli from the reinforcement will allow the client to either change or remove the behavior (Thomlison Thomlison, 1996). Social learning theory, which involves the ABC model, shows us how behavior can change for the better. Similarities and Differences: The biggest similarity between Cognitive theory and Behavior theory is the intertwining of the Social Learning Theory. They both use the ABC model and look at the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of each situation. With Cognitive theory, the trigger behavior comes with an irrational belief that needs to be changed. Clients often times have irrational beliefs during their behavior. After the consequence takes place the ABC model will help us show them their irrational beliefs and teach them that with a rational belief a different consequence could have taken place. With Behavior theory a similar pattern is used. The problem is identified and the target behavior is observed by the social worker other wise known as ‘behavior analysis’ (Thomlison Thomlison, 1996). The social worker then works with the clients on changing both the antecedents and the consequences to attain a different behavior. Changing the antecedent is known as manipulating the environment condition (Streff, Geller, 1986). The antecedent is changed to increase a positive behavior in the situation. The consequence is used as reinforcement either positive or negative. The reinforcement allows for a change in behavior. The difference between the two theories is that one focuses on the beliefs and emotions that one has about themselves and the behavior that comes from these beliefs and the other focuses on problematic behavior and the reinforcements that change this type of behavior. Behavior therapy uses both positive and negative reinforcements and Cognitive therapy focuses on eliminating the negative behavior or emotion and replacing it with positive rational behavior. A belief scale that serves as a measure from one to ten, is used to see how irrational the clients beliefs really are (Watson, Morris, Miller, 2001). With Behavior therapy reinforcements are used to encourage clients but with Cognitive therapy rational beliefs are used to encourage clients. The clients are questioned on their beliefs and often times humor is used to show the clients how irrational their beliefs can be (Wilde, 1996, p. 61). A limitation of behavior therapy is that reinforcement don’t always work for everyone. A stimulus for reinforcing someone depends on that person’s perception of the stimulus (Wilde, 1996, p. 18). If an individual is having behavior problems and the negative reinforcement is to stay after school, the individual might not think of it as negative reinforcement if they don’t like going home. Their situation at home might be worse then staying after school for detention. Another issue is that behavior theory only deals with the exterior of the problem and does not investigate the deep down root of the problem. Because behavior therapy doesn’t focus on the internal process of the client, the reinforcements are only successful if they bring change in the client’s life for the better. Although Cognitive theory may look at the root of the problem by focusing on automatic thoughts and core beliefs, it also has limitations. It is argued that Cognitive theory only looks at the problem for that one situation that occurs. One incident takes place where the client has inappropriate behavior with irrational beliefs (Atherton, 2007). Other aspects of the client’s life may or may not come up while discovering their irrational beliefs. Another issue is that with Cognitive theory, treatment is not emphasized with family members, the environment, and other interventions (Lantz, 1996). Both theories are culturally sensitive and work with all different backgrounds. Because different races and cultures have different social misconceptions, irrational beliefs may vary from culture to culture; but all cultures have irrational beliefs (Lantz, 1996). What is considered positive or negative reinforcements in one culture may not be considered so in another culture. These types of things vary but both types of therapy work with all different sorts of people. Both theories are compatible with the NASW code of ethics. Cognitive therapy and Behavior therapy both value the client and humanity. Cognitive therapists emphasize the use for rational thinking, which is not only for the client but also for society. The worth of the client is maintained and it is important to make sure that the client doesn’t feel threatened or ashamed by these techniques and it is up to the social worker to maintain these techniques. Blending The Two Theories: Research shows that when blending Cognitive therapy with Behavior therapy there are no proven results that the outcome is better for the client right away. The research does show however that there are more long term results when combining the two theories as apposed to just using one therapy or the other (Thomlison Thomlison, 1996). Behavior theorists such as Skinner argue that when combining Cognitive theory to Behavior theory, the focus on behavior gets diverted and so the therapy is not as effective. Research is not conclusive on this matter but it shows that efficacy to the therapy depends on the problem that the client is having. As time goes on most social workers use Cognitive Behavior Therapy and not just one or the other. By blending the two theories we can focus on the client’s behavior, reinforce their positive behaviors and allow them to recognize their ideas and beliefs about their behavior to allow them to make rational choices and have rational emotions.

An Analysis of H.G. Wells The Invisible Man :: Invisible Man Essays

An Analysis of H.G. Wells' The Invisible Man "The stranger came early in February, one wintry day, through a biting wind and a driving snow. He was wrapped from head to foot, and the brim of his soft felt hat hid every inch of his face but the shiny tip of his nose. He staggered into the Coach and Horses (an Inn in Ipling), more dead than alive"(p.11) The stranger was the invisible man. The Invisible Man was written by H.G. Wells, and published in 1964. The invisible man is a dynamic character who was changed by society. He seemed to start out as a quiet man who didn't like to be disturbed. Things that some of the people did made him angry to the point that at the end he was killing people for no apparent reason. In the beginning I wanted the people to leave the Invisible Man alone, but by the end he needed to be killed. Before he made himself invisible, he was an albino. His name was Griffen, and he was living in a rented place, where he would conduct his experiments. He kept getting pissed off at his landlord, who was constantly bothering Griffen. With the landlord always around, Griffen was always afraid that someone would figure out how he was making things transparent. He thought that becoming invisible was a utopian idea, and he didn't want someone stealing his idea. Griffen was so stuck on his invention that he didn't take the time to think the whole thing out. He comes across as a nervous character at this point in the story. The landlord made him very angry and he decided to run the experiment on himself. Once he was invisible, he destroyed his machine, and because he was so angry he burned the house down. As he walked the streets he was leaving muddy footprints. Some boys saw the footprints and the ghostly feet that made them. Immediately, the boys drew a crowd and started chasing the feet. This made him cautious, and he realized that it wasn't going to be easy to stay invisible. He needed clothes and shelter, so he went to a department store where he thought he could steal clothes after they closed. He needed to be visible to get his money and his books. His plan didn't work so well and he had to leave with nothing. He finally got some clothes by knocking out the owner of a costume shop and stealing what he needed.

Is The Secret Sharer an appropriate title for this short story? Essay

1. Is The Secret Sharer an appropriate title for this short story? Support your ideas with detail from the text. In The Secret Sharer, a captain escapes his ship where he was held captive after murdering a member of the crew. He swims to another ship and admits the whole truth to the captain. Both captains have bad relationships with their crew and they empathise with each other. Legatt, who came from the other ship, is to be kept secret from the crew as his life depends on it. They have to keep quiet and whisper. An intense relationship is built up between the two of them. The captain always refers to Legatt as my â€Å"other self†, â€Å"my double† or â€Å"my second self†. This indicates that they belong together such as lovers. It implies that they are one person and are bound together. Legatt tells the captain immediately that he just killed a man and the captain just accepts it without question. He understands why he did it. They trust each other totally. Between them they know everything about each other, they knew each other before their eyes met. For Legatt to expose himself to a complete stranger there would have to be a bond. It is a twisted love at first sight. Another aspect of the title’s secretively is brotherhood. The two captains conspire together like brothers. â€Å"Whispering side by side, with our dark heads together and our backs to the door, anybody bold enough to open it stealthily would have been treated to the uncanny sight of a double captain busy talking in whispers with his other self.† They both look alike and are conversing in whispers. They are even sitting the same way. Like two little twin brothers making up some plan, which will guarantee that they get into trouble. This comes before sharing a secret; this is the creation of a secret, which will only be between those two, so effectively they are sharing the secret. Legatts existence is so secret that the captain starts to doubt he even exists. He is so secret that he cannot exist. â€Å"An irresistible doubt of his existence flickered through my mind. Can it be, I asked myself, that he is not visible to other eyes than mine?† He begins to think that Legatt is so secret, that he is imagining him. This shows us that the relationship is so secret and fantastic, that he cannot believe it. Legatt is barely described; we know only that he has dark hair, is pale and resembles the captain. In the beginning he was glowing phosphorescently, which reminds us of ghost. So he is almost spirit like. This reflects the title in that the secrectness of his existence cannot be shared. The captain describes Legatt to be like himself, he is a mirror. The captain can understand Legatt instantly as if he were in his shoes. He shares his very soul with Legatt, which is so unreal he can’t believe it. It’s double secret, materialistically he cannot tell the crew and has to hide him, and spiritually because he has shared his heart with Legatt. In conclusion, â€Å"The Secret Sharer† is an appropriate title for this account. The title can be interpreted into different meanings all of which can be associated directly to the story. The title focuses wholly on the relationship between the captain and Legatt.

The Hidden Agenda of New Imperialism - 909 Words

1890s was a decade which represented the peak of the imperial power and glory. The 20th century brought with him a new form of imperialism known as New Imperialism. This concretely referred to the colonial expansion that the Europe’s powers did during that period. Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee exhibited the power and wealth that the British Empire possessed to the entire world. Such demonstrations could only be matched by the French, Dutch and Russians which possessed similarly wealthy empires. Evidently, many other nations aspired and envied those wealthy nations because their nations had not conquered large empires. Most noteworthy among these nations were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Japan. These were countries in the making†¦show more content†¦As Austria- Russian heir Franz Ferdinand was sent to Sarajevo in order to inspect the Austro-Hungarian troops there, he was assassinated on June 28th 1914 by a Serbian terrorist group known as Black Hand. This event is considered as being the physical catalyst; one event led to the other. Following this event, on the 6th July 1914, a telegram was sent by the German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, to the German Ambassador at Vienna. This telegram also known as the â€Å"blank cheque† assures Austria-Hungary that could rely on German support for whatever actions Austria would choose to take following the assassination. On the 28th July 1914 at 11:00 am Austria-Hungary sends a telegram declaring war to Serbia. Russia whom believed that an active defence seemed like the best way to repel the Dual Alliance threat decided to offer full support to the Serbs and counted on their alliance with France for help. Germany in accordance with the Dual Alliance treaty made with Austria as well as their aggressive intension towards the east declares war on Russia. 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